A camera is an instrument used to:

1. Capture and store images and videos, either digitally via an electronic image sensor or chemically via photographic film.   

2. Record an image of an object on a light-sensitive surface using a lens and sensor (or film).   

3. Essentially, a camera is a light-tight box with an aperture to admit light focused onto a sensitized film or plate.The term camera comes from the word “Camera Obscura” (Latin for "dark chamber).

The modern camera evolved from the camera Obscura & functioning of the camera is very similar to 
the functioning of the human eye. 

A few types of Camera:

• 1.TLR- Twin-Lens Reflex camera
• 2.SLR - single-lens reflex camera
• 3.Range Finder Camera
• 4.Instant Camera
• 5.Video Cameras
• 6.Camcorders
• 7.Convertible camera

The Parts of the Camera: 

• The camera is comprised of four major parts: 
  1. Camera Head 
  2. Viewfinder 
  3. Camera Lens 
  4. Recorder 

1.Camera head:  

• The Camera Head is the portion of the video camera that contains all the electronics needed to 
  convert the reflection of light from the subject into an electronic signal.

2.Viewfinder:  

• The viewfinder is a small video monitor attached to the camera that allows the camera operator 
  to view the images in the shot.

3.Camera Lens: 

• The lens is an assembly of several glass discs placed in a tube on the front of a camera. Its 
  primary purpose is to concentrate, or focus, the incoming light rays on the surface of the imaging 
  device, or the target. A picture is considered to be “in focus” when the adjoining lines of contrast 
  are as sharp as possible.